Threads and Why Post-Apocalyptic Art Is Not A Deterrent To An Apocalypse

 

I watch a lot of post-apocalyptic television series and movies.  In fact, I watch so much of it that Netflix categorizes my favorite genre as “Extreme Survival In Twisted Worlds”.  That is an actual category.  I have also read the survivalist literature and literature on extreme survival shelters. You can call a company and have one delivered that they will sink in your back yard.  Some include sophisticated features like cooling your shelter exhaust so it cannot be picked up by infrared detectors.  If you have several million dollars to spend you can get a deluxe survival condo located in an old missile silo.  That assumes that you have adequate warning of the impending apocalypse to travel there. The standard post-apocalyptic fiction seems to assume that there will be significant numbers of survivors, that they will be well prepared, and the only worries will be ruthless leaders and defending yourself and your resources from them. The only exception I can think of is the movie version of Cormac McCarthy’s The Road, that is focused on the grim post-apocalyptic existence of a man and his son. But even in that story there was a relatively happy ending.

A week ago, I was watching clips from Jason Pargin.  He is an author who offers insightful sociocultural commentary on various topics.  The one I saw was about this topic in general. He observed that most post-apocalyptic movies and television series are inhabited by attractive people who don’t seem to be in that much distress.  They all seem to have survival skills and are getting along famously.  The only exception seems to be when they need to use their survival skills in physical confrontations with roving hordes of zombies or rival camps trying to steal their food or personnel.  Even then they prevail.  He suggested the 1985 film Threads as a counterpoint.  The movie is about a nuclear attack on the United Kingdom.  His point was that this was probably a much more accurate depiction of post-apocalyptic survival and it is grim – even decades after the event.  

On that recommendation I was able to find the movie on a streaming service and watched it from beginning to end.  It starts off in a couple of cities in the UK, and we focus on a few familiar people and their routine.  There is background news that the US has started some kind of military operation in Iraq and Russia is starting to respond.  There are some antiwar protests about it in the UK.  Eventually it escalates to a single nuclear device attack from Russia responded to by a single nuclear weapon from the US.  Tensions increase and eventually a high-altitude nuclear weapon is exploded over the UK as an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) that knocks out communication. That is followed by nuclear attacks on major cities.  We witness the mushroom cloud, anxiety, and panic.  There are a massive number of deaths from the initial blast and burn injuries.  There are an equal number of people exposed to radiation and injuries that nobody can treat.  There are no medical systems left that can treat or triage the massive number of injured.  That should be intuitive for anyone who lived through the COVID epidemic because at one point the mass casualty systems in many countries were overwhelmed by that respiratory infection.  By comparison a nuclear attack in any major city would produce hundreds of thousands to millions of injuries.  Most of these people would die without care. 

Removal of dead bodies was another problem.  There was insufficient manpower and fuel left to bury or burn them. There were scenes of bodies everywhere.  They were burned from radiation and decomposing.  Sanitation was a problem with no clean water, sewage, or garbage disposal.  Rats and dogs were everywhere spreading contamination and disease.  People had to seek shelter in partially demolished buildings that could not protect them from radioactive dust.  In the days following the blast more people came down with and died from radiation poisoning.  At one point the public officials who were supposed to be managing the disaster just gave up.  The landscape was littered with survivors wearing dirty clothing, shivering in the cold, with nothing to eat or drink.  Diseases that has been gone for centuries due to improved sanitation were back and killing survivors.

The confrontations depicted in the usual post-apocalyptic movies were still there but on a much smaller scale.  It was no longer village versus village. It was two people against one and all three significantly debilitated.  As the nuclear winter set in from debris blown into the atmosphere – there was some cooperation manually harvesting crops that were still in the ground.  It was a slow process due to the poor physical health of the survivors, a lack of food, and the lack of operable farm equipment.  Once those sparse crops were harvested there was not much hope for a planting season.

Threads does highlights at several intervals after the nuclear attack. About 20 years after the attack, they estimate that there are about 1.0 - 1.5 million people left in the UK or about the number that were there in Medieval times.  In 1985, there were 56.6 million people in the UK.

Threads accurately depicts the catastrophic changes that are likely to occur after a nuclear war.  The imagery in the film is much grimmer than I am describing in this essay. I found the final scene so gruesome that I am not mentioning it here. I don’t think it is necessarily important to watch it all.  It does not take much imagination to think about what will happen if suddenly the power goes out, municipal safe water systems shut down, and you no longer have a safe food supply or medical care.  More importantly – you no longer have the hope that any of these systems will ever be restored.  One of my concerns has always been – what happens to the people who are taking life saving medication every day for chronic problems.  What happens to the millions on CPAP for sleep apnea? Most of them will encounter very serious problems in the next 1-3 months and that assumes they were able to save their current supply of medicine. 

How does Threads compare to other films in this genre?  The closest approximation is probably The Day After a 1983 American movie that depicts similar levels of mayhem and destruction but alludes to the severity of the destruction at the end saying an actual attack would be much worse than what is depicted.  There is apparently is a 2025 film called Nuclear Winter that I cannot find anywhere.  There are several films that leave the results of a nuclear attack up to the imagination of the viewer.  Fail Safe is a classic film demonstrating the catastrophic consequences of mistakes with nuclear weapons but the viewer only experiences the anxiety and fear of the government and military officials.  The recent Kathyrn Bigelow film A House of Dynamite uses a similar approach while pointing out the folly of anti-missile systems.  There are scores of survival manuals available from government web sites that describe is detail what happens during a nuclear attack and what you need to protect yourself.  None of them say anything about what it will be like when all the services and infrastructure that you need every day to live is permanently gone. There are certainly glimpses of this from conventional weapons.  The devastation in Palestine is a recent example.  But even the horror of what happened in Palestine seems to be minimized and sanitized on a daily basis as if it can be argued away.

The scariest prospect of living in the 21^st century is that there are no peace movements anymore.  The only realistic prevention strategy is to maintain the peace and international relationships and there are few people who talk realistically about that.  All the current world leaders seem poorly equipped for that task.  Many seem to adhere to the Athenian precedent from 415 BC when they ignored an appeal from the Island of Melos based on their neutrality.  Instead, they attacked and massacred all the men and enslaved the women and children.  In today’s world we see the dynamic of power over morality being played out on a regular basis.  A related issue is the people in power are old men with questionable values and motivations. They have no stake in the future and the immediate goals of many are self-enrichment and fictional legacies.  Many of them are convicted criminals or have been charged with war crimes.  Many clearly have no interest in averting a climate apocalypse that will amplify the power over morality dynamic that has been present since prehistoric times. That is hardly a group I would assemble to prevent nuclear war. It seems that modern man has very advanced destructive technology being managed by the same primitive brain.

A significant portion of the general populations of each country do not seem much better. Instead of recognizing the sanctity of the universal struggle for existence and all that involves they tolerate megalomaniacs and, in many cases, seem to worship them.  In the United States, billionaires and an impending trillionaire are all considered geniuses and given privileges (most notably lower taxation rates) that the average citizen does not have.  The media hangs on the predictions of this elite group as if they are accurate. While this group profits from taxpayer supported subsidies and contracts, many of the people paying the taxes can’t afford food, housing, or healthcare. In the US, the people and the Congress representing them seem powerless to change the recent more malignant course of power over morality. Much of that powerlessness comes from new trends in negating reality and science by politics and rhetoric.  It is easier to listen to an antivaxxer rant than contemplate a burned-up world with nothing left to sustain human life.  It is as if the zombie apocalypse has already happened and the people have become a slow-moving herd of the undead, watching their little screens while the world burns.  

None of this makes me very hopeful about the future. If you can deny that vaccines have been the single most significant mortality reducing medical achievement in history you can deny a nuclear winter with tens of millions of dead bodies littering the landscape.   

 

George Dawson, MD, DFAPA

Graphic Credit:

Palestinian News & Information Agency (Wafa) in contract with APAimages, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons.

Description: Damage in Gaza Strip during the October 2023 - 29

 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Damage_in_Gaza_Strip_during_the_October_2023_-_29.jpg

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Projection Writ Large in American Politics.....

 

Recent events lead me to the conclusion that I should comment on them with the hope of breaking up the current pattern.  I see a lot of “hopes and prayers” commentary and “we need to unite like we did after 911” – but I don’t think that gets us very far.  What might help is recognizing the pattern, what it means, and using that knowledge to move ahead.    

Let’s start with the pattern.  To me it looks something like this. 

1:  Gun extremism for the past 20 years (as previously defined).  This results in no adaptive solutions for the problem for one of the major parties.

2:  Normalization of name-calling, blame, and rage by the President.  I don’t think any footnotes or references are needed at this point.  He posts something on almost a daily basis on his social media platform consistent with these activities. As Robert Jay Lifton said in 2017 commenting on the Trump Presidency as a descent into darkness “With Trump of course malignant normality becomes the rule because he’s President and what a President does tends to normalize potentially bad, evil, or destructive behavior.”

3:  Secondary spread of these patterns of behavior to everyone in his party – reinforced by mandatory compliance with his wishes using direct threats.

4:  Attributing all of the bad behavior to other people and another political party and acting as if that is true. 

In psychiatric parlance, 1 -> 4 above is referred to as projection.  I notice today that it is also used by commentators who are not psychiatric professionals.  A basic definition of projection is: ‘’Feelings and desires are not seen and admitted in oneself, but excluded from one’s experience and attributed to another.” (1)  In dealing with a person who uses that defense – it is common to feel like you are being blamed for something you are not responsible for and experience the associated anger.

But it can get even more complicated.  Kernberg writes:  “In contrast to higher levels of projection characterized by the patient’s attributing to the other an impulse he has repressed in himself, primitive forms of projection, particularly projective identification are characterized by: 1) the tendency to continue to experience the impulse that is simultaneously being projected onto the other person, 2) fear of the other person under that projected impulse, and 3) the need to control the other person under the influence of this mechanism.” (2)  In other words, the accuser in this case may be doing the same behaviors that he is accusing the other person of doing. In the cases I am referring to another party or member of another party is being accussed of radical politics that leads to political violence by a party or member of a party that has advocated and conducted radical and violent politics for years.

Before anyone invokes the Goldwater Rule here – let me say that I am not making any diagnosis of any individual.  I am simply observing patterns.  Observing patterns at a macro level is different from observing them in an individual patient in an intersubjective setting.  That field is profiling and it was invented by Jerrold Post, MD.  Post observes that in the case of paranoia projection distorts reality (3).  More specifically:  “Attempting to discredit Clinton’s popular victory in the 2016 election, he claimed massive voter fraud by illegal aliens.  As the 2018 midterms approached Trump expressed his concerns that the ‘Russians would be fighting very hard for a Clinton victory’.  So in his fevered imagination, there was a real basis for voter fraud.  And this suggests, given his reliance on the defense mechanism of projection that he would consider voter fraud.”  He subsequently refused to consider any polls that did not show him leading and called them fake news. (4).  Given his role in concessions to Putin and uniting China, Russia, and North Korea – the original suggestion of voter fraud was not consistent with reality.           

Sure you can say it’s just entertainment.  You can say like a recent District Court Judge that it is just rhetorical hyperbole that no reasonable person should take seriously.  You can say that Trump is “just joking” and that nobody takes him seriously but that misses two critical points.  First, this pattern of thought had to start somewhere.  Most of us are familiar with it from early to mid-adolescence when it is a developmental stage.  We can recall when it ended and we made a conscious decision to take responsibility rather than blaming other people for our problems.  Second, there are obviously many people who take this pattern of thought seriously and who can blame them?  I have seen trained mental health professionals fooled and reacting to it.

It is at the point where it cannot be ignored.  If you “do your own research” all the facts are out there. The current situation is the result of a decades long process that values gun extremism and political divisiveness – all leveraged by one party.  As long as you are caught up in that process – things will only get worse.  The results of future violence will be predictable and the soonest anyone can hope for change is 3 more years.  Stop the problem now by seeing this for what it is – a pattern of thought and behavior that most people grow out of.

Are there concrete steps you can take?  I suggest the following.  First, recognize what is going on. I am an old man and I have never seen a President behave like Donald Trump before.  All the projection going on needs to be ignored.  When you see news stations and social media sites trying to amplify his rage and name calling – just shut them off or ignore them.  You will not be missing a thing.  Think of the good old days when we had Presidents from both parties that did not demand our constant attention and outrage.  Presidents that acted in good faith for all of the people.  Presidents you could criticize and it would be taken seriously.  The government ran quietly in the background.  It was never perfect but it was a lot better than what we currently have.  Second, recognize that one of the provocative strategies associated with projection is to devalue some and overidealize others.  Civil servants, scientists, military officers, veterans, women, the disabled, low income people, and minorities have all been devalued while Confederate Generals, dictators, and white supremacists and neo-Nazis are praised and idealized.  It is a consistent dynamic over time.  Third, projection is a mechanism for producing bogeymen. One good example is the alleged left-wing organization Antifa.  Whenever I encounter that trope, I typically ask for evidence the organization exists and find none.  The Wikipedia page suggests there have been more hoaxes than action. For comparison, I was in college during the time of the Weather Underground and a collection of other radical underground left wing organizations were responsible for 2,500 domestic bombings in 1971 and 1972 (5).  That included attacks on universities and munitions plants. There is no possible way that any organizations like those exist today.  Fourth, recognize that the mechanisms I am referring to are intertwined with rhetoric and a distorted sense of reality. The best example I can think of is the constant accusation that you must hate a politician because you disagree with them. That is a recent development in the political landscape and it is a direct product of projection. You attribute hate to someone else if you really hate them and (per Kernberg) may experience it at the same time, fear the person you are projecting onto, and feel the need to control that person.  You also don’t have to think about it too long to see that the person(s) doing this has to see themselves as being extraordinarily important in your life.  That is also not consistent with reality.

There has never been a time in my life when ignoring rhetoric and focusing on reality has been more important.  I hope that I have provided a few pointers on how to get there and am confident that most mature adults in the country can do this.  When that happens it will be the unifying factor we are all looking for.  

 

George Dawson, MD, DFAPA

 

 

 

References:

1:  PDM Task Force.  Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual.  Silver Springs, MD.  Alliance of Psychoanalytic Organizations. 1980:  p. 643.

2:  Kernberg OF.  Severe Personality Disorders: Psychotherapeutic Strategies. Yale University Press, New Haven.  1984: p. 16-17. 

3:  Post JM.  The Psychological Assessment of Political Leaders. University of Michigan Press.  Ann Arbor, MI. 2003: p. 96.

4:  Post JM, Douchette SR.  Dangerous Charisma: The Political Psychology of Donald Trump and His Followers.  Pegasus Books, New York. 2019: p. 222.

5:  Burrough B.  Days of Rage: America’s Radical Underground, The FBI, and the Forgotten Age of revolutionary Violence.  Penguin Press, New York. 2015

6:  Lifton RJ.  The Nazi Doctors.  Basic Books, New York.  1986.

Existential Threats....

 

Mapping Existential Threats in the Medical Literature

 

I heard President Trump and several right-wing politicians complaining about the term “existential threat” in the press the other day.  Some of the clips were a few months old but the overall message was first – “I didn’t know what it means”, second – the people using the term (in this case former President Biden discussing climate change) don’t know what it means, and third you are an elitist if you use the term because the average family in American does not use the term and you should learn to talk like them.  Like most statements uttered by the current President and his unquestioning party I found it rhetorical, not useful, and decided to see what the medical literature said.  This is what I found.

On PubMed, there are 248 references to the term dating back to 1979.  As seen in the table most of the scenarios listed like climate change, COVID and other pandemics (in this case HIV), diseases, antibiotic resistance, artificial intelligence, and other threats to life are the commonest threats listed in medical literature.  By definition, an existential threat puts the future of some group (humanity, specified individuals) or person at risk.  The worst-case scenario is an extinction event like the Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg extinction) event that occurred 66 million years ago.  That was caused by an asteroid strike and it led to the extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and 75% of all plant and animal species. 

The tables contain existential threats to humanity, many subgroups including physicians and the afflicted, school and businesses, other animals, and plants, as well as ecosystems.  It also includes the psychological component where the perceived threat is experienced as a threat to existence, but more at a symbolic level.  Yalom’s text (1) on existential psychotherapy breaks those threats down to death anxiety, freedom, isolation, and meaninglessness.  Other psychoanalytical writers point out that existential crises are more likely to occur at various points in human development.  In psychiatric practice it is common to see people experiencing crises in these areas across all settings.  Existential crises can exist at the level of group or individual psychology depending on the nature and scope of the threat. Some scientists hypothesize that we are currently in the midst an extinction event.  They describe this as the sixth mass extinction event and verify it by estimating the number of vertebrate species that have gone extinct and compare it to previous mass extinctions (3).  Human culture is a critical factor in this extinction and the conclusion are a massive effort is needed to head off this event and much of that effort needs to be directed at reducing overconsumption, transitioning to environmentally friendly technologies, and an equitable path to those transitions (2).  These authors point out obstacles to these changes including most people being unaware of the changes required to prevent ecosystem damage by human culture, the scope of the problem, and the necessary solution of scaling back human impact – both the scale and processes.

The political use of the term “existential threat” has been applied to the Trump administration and this is probably why Trump himself is trying to spin the term in his favor. He is focused on blaming the opposition party, but at this point it goes far beyond the Democrats.  The non-partisan Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists has posted that the well know extreme budget cuts of the administration pose an existential threat to the next generation of scientists. Various publications around the world have written about Trump as an existential threat to democracy, the American economy, former American allies, Social Security, freedom, black Americans, American colleges and universities, public health, science, and critical international food and medical aid.  In many of these areas the facts are clear.  I can think of no better example than USAID and the PEPFAR program.  Just defunding those programs could lead to as many as 14 million deaths if none of these changes are reversed by the courts.  

Paranoid people do not do well with existential threats.  They lack the ability to assign probabilities. They cannot see a car on the street and just see it as another car.  They get the idea that all cars or all red cars are threats to them. The defined threat may be elaborated as surveillance by Homeland Security to being attacked by microwaves being transmitted from these cars.  In some cases, everything is seen as a threat.  The anxiety is real but the threat assessment is wrong.

If you do not know what an existential crisis is – you should.  Most students in the US start reading existential themed literature in middle school and early high school.  The average person needs to know at what level the threat exists (personal, group, civilization-wide) and what can be done about it.  That means that it makes sense to break down the specific threat, adequately assess it, and not leave it hanging there as ill-defined.  For example, nuclear war, a massive asteroid collision, and climate change threaten all human, animal, and plant life on the planet.  Not being able to get a job in an area where you were trained in college or losing your first significant relationship can be existential crises at an individual level.  That can be life changing at a personal level and the good news is most people find their way back on track with the help of family, friends, and the occasional therapist. 

The outcomes of existential threats can lead to unexpected action.  When I was in college, one of my jobs was working in the local public library.  It was a multi-county library and the main part of my work consisted of mailing out books and films to all the co-operating libraries. One day the chief librarian came in and told me it was now my job to dismantle the fall-out shelter in the basement.  The year was 1972 just 10 years after the Cuban Missile Crisis. The library had two Fallout Shelter signs like the one at the top of this post.  I went down into the basement and found about 100 steel drums.  They were all about 30-gallon capacity. According to the instructions on the side they were supposed to be used for water storage.  When empty they were supposed to be used as latrines.  None of them contained water.  I guess the planners thought there would be time after a nuclear attack to fill them all. When I asked my boss what I was supposed to do with the drums he said:” I don’t care just get them out of here.”  I took them back to my neighborhood and handed them out to anyone who wanted them.  Apart from the steel drums there was no food or medical supplies.  Just a very large room full of steel drums.

It took me a long time to figure out what happened to the fallout shelters and how they went from a national priority to complete disrepair and abandonment in a decade.  The only explanation is that the planners knew there would be no survivors. A few groups here and there would survive the blast and radiation but nobody would survive the nuclear winter.  Even a limited nuclear exchange kicks enough dust up into the atmosphere that makes food production impossible. That marks the end of humanity – the ultimate existential crisis.

Shouldn’t the man with the power to end civilization quickly or slowly know something about this?  Shouldn’t everyone know the real existential threats we are facing?  Shouldn't we all be facing these threats realistically instead of denying they exist or pretending that we can survive them?

 

George Dawson, MD, DFAPA

 

References:

1:  Yalom ID.  Existential Psychotherapy.  Basic Books.  New York, 1980.

2:  Dirzo R, Ceballos G, Ehrlich PR. Circling the drain: the extinction crisis and the future of humanity. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2022 Aug 15;377(1857):20210378. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0378. Epub 2022 Jun 27. PMID: 35757873; PMCID: PMC9237743.

3: G. Ceballos, P. R. Ehrlich, A. D. Barnosky, A. García, R. M. Pringle, T. M. Palmer.  Accelerated modern human–induced species losses: Entering the sixth mass extinction. Sci. Adv. 1, e1400253 (2015).

Supplementary:

I thought I would list a few references to existential crisis as they occur:

Ford L.  Seymour Hersh Issues Grave Warning in Venice: “Trump Wants to Be Commander of America — He Wants to Not Have Another Election”  The Hollywood Reporter.  August 29, 2025.

https://www.yahoo.com/news/articles/seymour-hersh-issues-grave-warning-111210675.html

“There’s still integrity in America right now but as somebody said recently, we’re in existential crisis right now. And the president is a man who wants to be here for life. He wants to be commander of America. My belief is that’s his absolute sole mission. He wants to not have another election, because under the Constitution he cannot…. That’s what he’s going to be doing for the next three years.”

The Demon Haunted World – A Survivalist Counterfactual

 

The Demon Haunted World – A Survivalist Counterfactual

 

I found myself watching survivalist videos last night.  I had just completed a blog post and was working on another (that is becoming a thesis rather than a blog) and decided to take a break.  I have dabbled in that literature on and off over the past 30 years and found that it does not add much. The end games are typically played out in popular movies and fiction. You either find yourself in an impregnable underground shelter or wandering semi-aimlessly over a barren and hostile landscape.  Both scenarios have their problems.

In the impregnable fortress there are the inevitable power struggles, equipment breakdowns, outside attacks, functional and dysfunctional alliances, and lack of planning.  Good recent examples include The Silo and Fallout.  In the wandering scenario there seem to be a plethora of hazards including violent psychopaths, cannibals, various zombies, diseases, natural disasters, and the ever-present lack of food and water.   Examples include The Road, The Walking Dead, and The Last of Us.

Survivalists are more realistically focused. The brief series that I watched emphasized escaping detection by any means.  The implication was that you were in a secure remote location with adequate food and water.  The assumption is that there are many people who were not prepared for when the shit hits the fan or WTSHTF for short.  Four days of starvation is enough to make most people desperate and at that point they cannot be trusted.  A corollary is that once they get skilled at taking what they need from others – you may be the next target.

The first video discussed the importance of smoke. A poorly constructed fire can lead to a smoke signal for people to see for miles.  That signal translates to shelter, warmth, food, and resources to any desperate person who sees it.  The author emphasized methods to minimize smoke production. Elaborate underground survival shelters not only minimize smoke but also heat signatures to avoid infrared detectors and missiles.

 The second avoidable signal to the post-apocalyptic miscreants is gunfire. You might be thinking hunting, but the emphasis was on interpersonal conflict rather than hunting.  There may be better ways to resolve a dispute and secondarily gunfire WTSHTF is not necessarily a red flag. It is a sign out there that somebody has food and resources they want to protect.   The zombie mindset is “even if you do not have a gun – you might be able to hang around in the darkness long enough to get what you want.”  No other ways were discussed about how to avoid gunfire.

The final avoidable signal was light.  Even as little as a candle represents somebody with enough resources that they can and want to see in the dark. It represents the last vestige of civilization.  For that reason, it must be blocked at all costs. Curtains were emphasized as a practical measure but black out screens were preferable.  It reminded me of the subtitle to Carl Sagan’s classic book The Demon Haunted World (TDHW).  That subtitle is: Science as a candle in the dark.  It seemed like a perfect metaphor for what is currently happening in the world. To anyone who has not read the book – the subtitle is from Thomas Ayd’s 1655 treatise on witchcraft A Candle In the Dark where he described witchhunts as a way to delude the people about what was otherwise unexplainable.  Sagan sums up the progress against witchmongering this way:

“Microbiology and meteorology now explain what only a few centuries ago was considered sufficient cause to burn women to death.” (p. 26).

The title is a metaphor for reason and truth in the context of dire superstition and this is captured by Sagan’s summation.

Many reviews of TDHW suggest that Sagan’s views are formulaic – a few rules about how to assess facts and be skeptical along with listing logical fallacies. That minimizes the context he provides about the founding fathers and how they were impacted by The Enlightenment and science. Sagan’s thesis is more complex. He is the first to acknowledge that science is not perfect but that the method of science encourages and produces self-correction. To capture reasoning that is strictly outside of formal science, Sagan suggests that all matter of human endeavor like politics, economics, and even specific policies can be subjected to scientific reasoning and scrutiny and it will result in better results and prevent primitive biases.    

Since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic there has been an almost continuous attack on science and scientific experts.  The first Trump administration attacked public health officials, physicians, scientists, and anyone affiliated with them.  They promoted ineffective and potentially harmful treatments for COVID, suggested vaccines were problematic, said that COVID-19 was no worse than the flu, and that case and death rates were overstated.  Several conspiracy theories were promoted suggesting that HIV was a planned bioweapon, that NIH officials were corrupt, and that the “planned” HIV epidemic was paralleled by the “planned” COVID epidemic.  If the COVID epidemic was not planned it was supposed to have originated from a lab leak in China despite all the evidence pointing against that.  The problem is not merely a lack of training in science and the scientific method.  The problem is that we have a large segment of the population that really does not care about their ignorance of science and a large segment who seem to happily take advantage of that on social media.

Sagan has a famous quote that is considered prophetic by many:

“…Science is more than a body of knowledge; it is a way of thinking.  I have a foreboding of an America in my children’s or grandchildren’s time – when the United States is a service and information economy; when nearly all the key manufacturing industries have slipped away to other countries; when awesome technological powers are in the hands of a few, and no one representing the public interest can even grasp the issues; when the people have lost the ability to set their own agendas or knowledgeably question those in authority; when, clutching our crystals and nervously consulting our horoscopes, our critical faculties in decline, unable to distinguish between what feels good and what’s true, we slide almost without noticing, back into darkness and superstition.”   (p. 25).   

Much has been made about manufacturing in the US and there is an active debate.  Specifically – is it a feasible solution for whatever economic problems you claim it will solve?  I have seen business experts interviewed who say it is not and others who have their own specialized supply chains within the country as being a solution. How will it be compounded by tariffs and an attempt to resuscitate the coal industry? The technological power is concentrated at the monopoly level according to several court decisions.  And what about artificial intelligence? There are daily predictions that AI will replace not only truck drivers and assembly line works but also doctors and teachers.  There are grandiose claims that AI will "cure all diseases" in less than the time I have been writing this blog.  Those aspects of Sagan’s prediction seem too uncertain to be useful.

The lack of knowledge in both the general population and at the highest levels of government is also on display.  Scientific knowledge and thinking is lacking and that it is not enough.  Any reasonable analysis of population wide policies needs to include a scientific dimension, a rational thinking dimension, and a moral/ethical dimension.  This is the real current failure.  As an example, the divisive rhetoric used around the COVID-19 issue.  There was a lot of uncertainty about the best way to stop the pandemic. As physicians and public health officials were learning about this and saving lives – the counter response was that no measures were necessary including vaccinations.  In the end public health officials were being blamed for lockdowns and school closings that could only have been done by local elected officials. That rapidly evolved to conspiracy theories that led to threats of physical harm and legal action against some of the top scientists.  The culmination of this rhetoric was recently evident when the Trump administration replaced a government webpage providing scientific information on COVID-19 with one that presents a combination of conspiracy theories and pseudoscience.  None of this sequence of activity included science, rationality, or ethics.

This is what Sagan is referring to in his quote. The current web page on COVID is emblematic of sliding into the modern version of darkness and superstition. Like the old version the new one is as out in the open and accepted by many. There is an army of celebrities, podcasters, media networks, social media bots, and writers supporting it. Some of the wealthiest people in the country claim they were “censored” because they opposed some suggested COVID measures or supported anti-science rhetoric – even though there was no formal censoring. The dark narrative is very present and it continues to take its toll in terms of cabinet appointees who promote it and some who seek vindication against scientists and officials who were making a good faith effort.

As far as science goes, whether that is hard science or the dismal science of economics – we have a choice to stay in darkness and superstition or move toward the light of science and facts.   Not caring about the smoke is the difference between surviving and living.

 

 

George Dawson, MD, DFAPA

 

 

Graphics Credit:

Campfire in the forest by Crusier, CC license BY-SA 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0&gt https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Campfire_in_forest.jpg

References:

1:  Sagan Carl.  The Demon-Haunted World – Science as a Candle In The Dark.  Ballantine Books 1997.

2:  Ayd Thomas.  A Candle in the Dark.  Smithfield, London. 1655.

Science and Politics…..With A Lesson from Psychiatry

 

I started reading this week’s edition of Science and was surprised to find several editorials about the relationship between science and politics. In addition to the editorials, news items like “Will Trump upend public health?” and “Trump picks lawyer for EPA.” Were no less alarming.

Marcia McNutt, President of the National Academy of Sciences wrote the first essay (3).  She correctly discusses science as a rational neutral process that by its very nature is apolitical.  She describes the peril of citizens ignoring scientific reality by quoting a 26% increased mortality rate in areas of the US where political leaders dismissed the importance of the COVID-19 vaccine.  She makes the point that science must define the body of information that policy should be based on - but it should not actually dictate policy.  She advocates for a role of listening to the affected people and fighting the disinformation that affects them.  Unfortunately, the process of active listening will not do anything toward fighting misinformation – especially when things get to the wide dissemination and meme stage. 

H. Holden Thorp, Editor-in-Chief of Science journals wrote the second essay (4) and it was more specific to the current political situation.  After commenting on the win for Trump he provides the following qualifier:

“Although his success stems partly from a willingness to tap into xenophobia, racism, transphobia, nationalism, and disregard for the truth, his message resonates with a large part of the American populace who feel alienated from America’s governmental, social, and economic institutions.”

The first clause in this sentence is accurate – but there are problems with the second.  Are xenophobia, racism, transphobia, nationalism, and dishonesty really symptoms of an underlying problem or do they represent the real problem of an opportunistic politician successfully scapegoating a portion of the population to gain the support of the electorate with these biases?  That has immediate relevance for the author’s proposed solutions of decreasing scientific misconduct to enhance public trust.  He points out that an animated defense on X/Twitter by scientists was not successful (how could it be based on the platform’s structure, biases and conflicts of interest?). He ends by correctly predicting that the attacks on science and scientists will go on unabated into the future and would like to see a response by the scientific community that makes them less successful.

The essay by Jaffrey Mervis (2) highlights concerns that research advocates have for the Trump agenda that is described at one point as defunding research to reduce taxes.  Any analysis of the tax plan shows that the savings are disproportionately awarded to the top 1% of wage earners.  A research physicist points out that there is no good news for science in the Trump agenda and that also translates to no good news to the tech industry that depends on government funded research for innovation.  Three areas from the Biden administration that may suffer are the Chips and Science Act, climate change, and research collaboration with China. 

The essay by Jocelyn Kaiser (1) focuses on the possible impact on the National Institutes of Health (NIH).  In this essay there is clear focus on Robert F. Kennedy, Jr. as a danger to the NIH and health related basic science research.  That danger on the one hand describes him with the euphemism “vaccine skeptic” and on the other quotes former NIH Director Harold Varmus as saying: ”enormous risks especially if [Trump] placed someone as unhinged as [Kennedy] into a position of responsibility.”  There is a lot of room between skeptic and unhinged.  Trying to present an even-handed description in this case is a clear error when responding to RFK’s rhetoric. It is not a stretch to say that his rhetoric may replace science as the guiding principle behind the NIH.  That is a problem regarding the role of science advising policy makers and a boundary problem on the part of rhetoricians.  Simply put – if you are an administrator with no science background and you are making science up – stay in your lane.

Another clear example of potential problems with a Republican Congress is still based on the COVID-19 pandemic and insistence that the bat coronavirus research was the source of the pandemic virus.  This has reached meme status in the MAGA community fueled by rhetoric from both Trump and members of Congress who have directly attacked NIH scientists.  In some cases those verbal attacks have resulted in threats of violence to those same scientists. All of that happening even though the origins of SARS-CoV-2 are not settled science - but most recent reports suggest origins in the wild like practically all pandemic viruses. Some politicians want to reform the NIH and that is typically a code word for changing an institution to something more like the one they want.  In the case of the Trump administration that can include banning fetal tissue research and I would expect other issues related to women’s reproductive health that the religious right objects to.

The final essay by Rachel Vogel (5) is focused primarily on the implications of Trump’s threat to leave the World Health Organization (WHO). The author reminds us that Trump started this process in July 2020 based on the false claim that “WHO had helped China cover up the spread of the virus in the early days of the pandemic.”  The Biden administration came in and stopped that process.  WHO member states are bracing for a second withdrawal or a reduction in funding to key programs that many think would be catastrophic.  Cuts could also be made to the US Agency for International Development (USAID) that administers many of these programs and other agencies funded to research and treat tuberculosis, malaria, and AIDS.  Political and religious ideology may also be a factor.  A program for AIDS relief started by George W. Bush is a possible target for indirect support of abortions and the use of language that right wing religious groups consider offensive including “transgender people” and “sex workers”.  It is likely that a “gag rule” on the dissemination of abortion information will be reinstated and the penalty will be withdrawal of funding.  Like aspects of the other essays, the author is hopeful that there will be ways to compensate for the Trump worst case scenario. Reform of the NIH has been talked about in the past.  Europe and other countries could compensate for the lack of US support.  Competitive funding sources like the BRICS group (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) could also come to the forefront.  The amount of funding available from BRICS and what those countries would require in return is speculation at this point.    

The 5 essays highlight real problems and given Trump’s current nominations for the Director of HHS and NIH probably minimize them.  Suggested solutions to the problem seem to be the time-honored stay out of politics, present the data, and take the high road.  This is really an inadequate plan.  How do I know this?  The valuable lesson is that this is what psychiatry has done for decades.  Ever since Thomas Szasz began his repetitive rhetoric that there was no such thing as mental illness, or that psychiatric diagnoses were like drapetomania (later modified to drapetomania was somehow a psychiatric diagnosis) we have had to tolerate nonsensical criticism while major physician and psychiatric groups were silent.  The many leaders in the field who did respond and had excellent responses were eventually ignored as the neo-Szaszians continue to repeat this nonsense decades later.  An experiment by Rosenhan that was exposed as fraudulent continues to serve as an anchor point for antipsychiatrists – even though what happened clearly did not impact the field (deinstitutionalization had already started and the neo-Kraepelinians were already at work on reliable and valid diagnostic criteria).  The result of this rhetoric is significant hangover on the field. It is difficult to make a direct connection but common sense dictates that psychiatric resources probably takes a hit from all the repetitive negative rhetoric. That is the risk to all of medicine, public health, and scientific research with the current MAGA rhetoric.

Science typically considers itself above rhetoric and politics at least until the competition for grant funding heats up.  The editorials all fail to comment on this.  Instead, they suggest that leading by example, being available for consultation, and generally taking the higher ground will somehow correct corrosive politics.  That is both a naïve and losing strategy.  We currently have a party that has lied and misinformed the public repeatedly and at record levels.  It is supported by a large mainstream media organization with the same goals providing a constant diet of misinformation. It is funded by billionaires. The effects of all those dynamics are easily observed in attitudes toward real science and scientists.  Experts on autocracy and authoritarianism point out that the effect of constant lies on any group of citizens is that eventually they don’t believe anything – even if it happens to be the truth.  A standard authoritarian tactic is to attack expertise and pretend that it does not exist.   

At no recent point in history have legitimate scientists, physicians, and public health officials been threatened with violence by people who have no clear idea of what they do.  In many cases these professionals have been responsible for saving thousands of lives. That situation should be intolerable to any scientist or modern citizen who can evaluate the effects of science.  Furthermore, it should not be supported at any level by the government, but it currently is.  The same party that that supports lies also supports threats and violence at various levels up to an including an attempt to overthrow the US government. With the current election there is the expectation that attempt will be whitewashed as a protest further eroding the rule of law.

The curious aspect of this process is that it is right out there in the open. The repetitive lies are picked up by social media.  Proxies of that ideology begin to amplify them to the point that they become memes rapidly assimilated by true believers in the same ideology.  At that point they become part of that culture and resistant to change from rational arguments and additional information. There is no evidence that I am aware of that change is possible at that point and the most recent Presidential election is solid evidence.     

There is a semi rational basis to politics at best.  The current election illustrates this at many levels.  Major questions of character, intellect, and policy were ignored. The fact checking mode of the fourth estate was minimized.  Some media outlets were mere propaganda arms and provided no information for voters to make an informed decision. 

The only rational course is to continuously counter the repetitive propaganda being put out in social media.  There is no comprehensive strategy for doing this but it must be done.  It will take more than a few editors from Science journals.  A starting point may be a coalition of editors of science and medical journals with their own website dedicated to refuting misinformation and posting the real science. The time has come to stand up for what is science and what is not and protect people under attack for doing the right thing.

 

George Dawson, MD, DFAPA

 

References:

 

1:  Kaiser J. Trump won. Is NIH in for a major shake-up? Science. 2024 Nov 15;386(6723):713-714. doi: 10.1126/science.adu5821. Epub 2024 Nov 14. PMID: 39541475.

2:  Mervis J. Research advocates see 'no good news for science'. Science. 2024 Nov 15;386(6723):712-713. doi: 10.1126/science.adu5820. Epub 2024 Nov 14. PMID: 39541473.

3:  McNutt M. Science is neither red nor blue. Science. 2024 Nov 15;386(6723):707. doi: 10.1126/science.adu4907. Epub 2024 Nov 14. PMID: 39541446.

4:  Thorp HH. Time to take stock. Science. 2024 Nov 15;386(6723):709. doi: 10.1126/science.adu4331. Epub 2024 Nov 7. PMID: 39508752.

5:  Vogel G. 'America first' could affect health worldwide. Science. 2024 Nov 15;386(6723):715. doi: 10.1126/science.adu5822. Epub 2024 Nov 14. PMID: 39541476.

Ignoring Joe Biden’s Unassailable Fact: A Serious Deficiency of the Debate Analysis

 

The Debate uproar continues largely at a very superficial level.  That level is basically that Joe Biden is too old and feeble to be President and therefore he needs to step down and the Democrats need to run another candidate for the sake of “not losing the office.”  This is being spun at multiple levels.  We are hearing stories about White House Staff being conflicted, the President offering cookies to members of Congress, the plausibility of sleep deprivation as an explanation, and even provided with a list of 10 possible Democratic candidates. Whenever supporters of the President come forward the wisdom of loyalists is being questioned rather than what they describe.  The actual content of the debate continues to be ignored as if Joe Biden did not provide any. 

I came up with the following diagram to put things into perspective.  It consists of Trump’s hyperbole about Joe Biden and the single Biden response that effectively cancels that hyperbole across multiple dimensions.  Instead of hearing anything about that response the news media continues the endless speculation about Biden’s Presidency and who should replace him.  The excerpts in the table below are taken directly from the CNN transcript that is easily accessible.  For the sake of simplicity – I eliminated Biden’s point-by-point responses to the Trump hyperbole that were more than adequate and included only the responses that included his reference to the Presidential Greatness survey.

Trump	Biden
“He also said he inherited 9 percent inflation. No, he inherited almost no inflation, and it stayed that way for 14 months. And then it blew up under his leadership because they spent money like a bunch of people that didn’t know what they were doing. And they don’t know what they were doing. It was the worst – probably the worst administration in history. There’s never been.”
“But look, we had the safest border in history. Now we have the worst border in history. There’s never been anything like it. And people are dying all over the place, including the people that are coming up in caravans.”
“Nobody had been worse. I had the highest approval rating for veterans, taking care of the V.A. He has the worst. He’s gotten rid of all the things that I approved – Choice, that I got through Congress. All of the different things I approved, they abandoned.”
“First of all, our veterans and our soldiers can’t stand this guy. They can’t stand him. They think he’s the worst commander in chief, if that’s what you call him, that we’ve ever had. They can’t stand him. So let’s get that straight. And they like me more than just about any of them. And that’s based on every single bit of information.”
“His presidency, his – without question, the worst president, the worst presidency in the history of our country. We shouldn’t be having a debate about it. There’s nothing to debate.”	“The idea that veterans are not being taken care of, I told you before – and, by the way, when I said “suckers and losers,” he said – he acknowledged after it that he fired that general. That general got fired because he’s the one that acknowledged that that’s what he said. He was the one standing with Trump when he said it, number one.   Number two, the idea that we’re going to be in a situation where all these millions and millions, the way he talks about it, illegal aliens are coming into the country and taking away our jobs, there’s a reason why we have the fastest-growing economy in the world, a reason why we have the most successful economy in the world. We’re doing better than any other nation in the world.   And, by the way, those 15 Nobel laureates, economists, they all said that if Trump is re-elected, we’re likely to have a recession, and inflation is going to increasingly go up.   And by the way, worst president in history. 159 presidential scholars voted him the worst president in the history of the United States of America.”
“He caused inflation. As sure as you’re sitting there, the fact is that his big kill on the black people is the millions of people that he’s allowed to come in through the border. They’re taking black jobs now and it could be 18. It could be 19 and even 20 million people. They’re taking black jobs and they’re taking Hispanic jobs and you haven’t seen it yet, but you’re going to see something that’s going to be the worst in our history.”
“Did you fire anybody? Did you fire anybody that’s on the border, that’s allowed us to have the worst border in the history of the world? Did anybody get fired for allowing 18 million people, many from prisons, many from mental institutions? Did you fire anybody that allowed our country to be destroyed? Joe, our country is being destroyed as you and I sit up here and waste a lot of time on this debate. This shouldn’t be a debate.”   “He is the worst president. He just said it about me because I said it. But look, he’s the worst president in the history of our country. He’s destroyed our country. Now, all of a sudden, he’s trying to get a little tough on the border. He come out – came out with a nothing deal, and it reduced it a little bit. A little bit, like this much. It’s insignificant.”   “He wants open borders. He wants our country to either be destroyed or he wants to pick up those people as voters. And I don’t think – we just can’t let it happen. If he wins this election, our country doesn’t have a chance. Not even a chance of coming out of this rut. We probably won’t have a country left anymore. That’s how bad it is. He is the worst in history by far.”	“Number two, the idea that we’re talking about worst presidents. I wasn’t joking. Look it up. Go online. 159 or 58, don’t hold me the exact number, presidential historians. They’ve had meetings and they voted who’s the worst president in American history. One through best to worst. They said he was the worst in all of American history. That’s a fact. That’s not conjecture. He can argue the wrong, but that’s what they voted.”
“Just you understand, we have polling. We have other things that do – they rate him the worst because what he’s done is so bad. And they rate me – yes, I’ll show you. I will show you. And they rate me one of the best. OK.”
“All my life I’d grow up and I’d see politicians talking about cutting taxes. When we cut taxes, as I said, we did more business. Apple and all these companies, they were bringing money back into our country. The worst president in history by far, and everybody knows it.”
“But he hasn’t cut the tariffs because he can’t, because it’s too much money. But he’s got the largest deficit in the history of our country and he’s got the worst situation with China. China is going to own us if you keep allowing them to do what they’re doing to us as a country. They are killing us as a country, Joe, and you can’t let that happen. You’re destroying our country.”
“Then he came along. The numbers – have you seen the numbers now? It’s not only the 18 million people that I believe is even low, because the gotaways, they don’t even talk about gotaways. But the numbers of – the amount of drugs and human trafficking in women coming across our border, the worst thing I’ve ever seen at numbers – nobody’s ever seen under him because the border is so bad. But the number of drugs coming across our border now is the largest we’ve ever had by far.”

 

What do I conclude from this analysis?  Far from being feeble – Joe Biden presented solid information that (as far as I can tell) was ignored by all the talking heads.  Trump’s characterizations of Biden as the worst President are strictly hyperbole. Biden’s response points out that according to a survey of 154 Presidential scholars Biden is ranked #14 and Trump is dead last at #45.  Beyond that obvious fact – Biden is ranked higher than Reagan (#16), George HW Bush (#19), and George W Bush (#32).  In a follow up article it was noted that Trump ranks lower than William Henry Harrison (#41) who died 31 days after taking office.  There seems to be no doubt about where Presidential scholars rank Trump.

The implications of this transcript are clear.  There is always the possibility that Biden has suddenly developed severe problems by per my previous post – but I doubt it. Anyone should be very skeptical about the stories coming out of the press at this time.  Ageist bias is so prevalent that it affects all these stories.  The associated lack of criticism of Trump by comparison is telling. There have been stories suggesting that Trump “lied” anywhere from 30 to 50 times.  I checked these lies against the transcript and they are there. The problem with that analysis is that Trump gets a pass by the MAGA crowd and most of the media whenever he does lie.  The best example is the stolen election lie. Any interview about this typically results in Trump repeating the statement until the journalists stops asking the question.  That strategy is obvious even in the debate transcript.

Another consideration is misinformation and how that affects the ongoing debate spin. The standard MAGA misinformation channels should be ignored.  There is undoubtedly a more insidious effort by enemies of the United States to create additional misinformation on social media.  It is obvious that Russia and Putin see the election of Trump as more consistent with their interests because of Trump’s lack of support for Ukraine and NATO.  Russia clearly supports groups hacking and extorting American businesses.  Threat analysis suggests that Russia, China, and Iran are actively interfering with US elections by misinformation that includes generative AI based approaches.  It should be clear that these countries would prefer a President who is isolationist, does not back Ukraine or NATO, and one who they believe they can manipulate.  Trump’s former National Security Advisor John Bolton believes that Putin knows he can easily manipulate Trump.

All of this information is being ignored in the face of the Presidential debate and the fact that Biden basically looked bad even though he easily produced content that countered Trump’s hyperbole and advanced his own case.  This is not the first-time appearances at a debate were considered a deciding factor.  As I have written in the past, I don’t generally consider the economy to be determined by Presidents – they either take credit or get blamed even though most of the economy is outside of their sphere of influence.  There is plenty of misinformation out there about the economy and the fact it is a motivating factor for people to vote for Trump. There is no doubt that the Biden economy is better and his policies will strengthen the economy in the future.

There is a big interview between Biden and George Stephanopoulos coming up this evening.  We will see if Biden can present in a way to reassure the voters – but all things equal they are still going to hold his age against him.  It is unfortunate that there is little rational discussion of the issue at this point – including the points that Biden made in the debate.   

 

George Dawson, MD, DFAPA

 

Addendum:

The Joe Biden - George Stephanopoulos Interview:

I watched the entire brief interview this evening.  I thought it was an exercise in gotcha journalism.  Biden responded with reasonable answers to why he wants to continue to run and why he is the best person for the job.  His response about whether or not he would take a "cognitive exam" was also reasonable - basically that his job is a cognitive exam every day.  Stephanopoulos' interview technique was controlling and trying to get Biden to respond to hypotheticals that he eventually stated he would not respond to.  He also asked Biden to respond to uncorroborated speculation.  I thought that overall it was a very poor interview and Biden handled it as well as anyone could.  In many ways it was an interrogation rather than an interview. Another disappointing aspect of the interview was the additional four journalists that Stephanopoulos discussed the current situation with. They all clearly had a fixed agenda that Biden should withdraw for various reasons and seemed to be trying to create news rather than report it.  That seems to be the basic problem for Biden at this point.  The news media is more critical of him than Trump - despite Trump's massive deficiencies. As an expert on cognitive testing of the elderly I can add that the "cognitive test" that Trump brags about - is really a screening test that is not sensitive enough to pick up anything short of a moderate to severe problem.  They are easy for anyone who is not cognitively impaired.  Trump has also been noted to brag about his results on this screening test as well as inaccurately describing the test - specifically the naming tasks and word recall task.  All of those details as well as this quote are from reference 1:

"It's a very, very low bar for somebody who carries the nuclear launch codes in their pocket to pass and certainly nothing to brag about," said Jonathan Reiner, a cardiologist and professor of medicine and surgery at the George Washington School of Medicine &Health Sciences.

If there is a cognitive contest between Biden and Trump - and I am sure that will never happen - testing should occur in the same manner, given by the same examiner and it should be recorded for outside validation purposes.  It should also be a more rigorous screen - like the test battery given to physicians in some centers if they want to practice past the age of 75.

But at this point Biden's fate appears to be predetermined by a media bias against him that does not exist for his opponent.

References:

1:    Parker A, Diamond D.  A ‘whale’ of a tale: Trump continues to distort cognitive test he took.  Washington Post Jan 19, 2024.

Graphic Reference:

Presidential Greatness Project - see rankings at this site.  Biden #14  Trump #45 

Disclaimer: 

As previously noted I am not now and have never been a member of any political party in the United States.  At the same time, it is clear to me that the Republican party, their Presidential candidate Donald Trump, and their partisan Supreme Court are an unprecedented danger to the United States that I have known all of my life and that they should be defeated. It is also clear that they have a level of organization that resulted in political advantages over the opposition and that their rhetorical strategy is to blame the opposition for what they in fact are doing

Supplementary 1: 

The following Tweet today from Norman Ornstein:

He does a good job capturing the media bias against Biden.  There is also more than a little conflict of interest at the NYT - since their editorial board has already said that Biden should step down.  Practically every journalist I see - even after the Stephanopoulos interview is either explicitly or implicitly suggesting that Biden should step down, that Democrats will tell him to step down, or that he will lose the election if he doesn't.  That kind of stacks the deck against you in polls - especially when almost all of the polls quoted are poorly characterized to the point that they may lack validity.   There have been comparisons with Supreme Court Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg who is often faulted by the left for not stepping down in time for President Obama to appoint a successor.  She is an easy scapegoat for a party who failed to win the Senate or maintain any countermeasures for right wing activism that seeks to appoint as many federal judges as possible.  Comparing a life long appointment in the case of Ginsburg to being elected President and according to experts doing a better than average job lacks equivalency.  There is also a clear asymmetry in the criticism with Trump getting a complete pass despite his abysmal rating as a President.  Instead of even mild criticism in Trump's direction - I expect the press to continue to portray Biden's presidential bid as a scandal and look for any evidence to back that opinion up.  

Supplementary 2: 

Conclusory language is discouraged in many formats in psychiatry like evaluations for civil commitment, guardianship, and conservatorship.  The idea is that conclusory language short circuits uncertainty and statutory requirements and can prematurely lead to a wrong conclusion.  Even routine psychiatric evaluations should avoid conclusory language in favor of probability statements or statements about the inherent uncertainty in medical evaluations.   

All of the press that I have seen comment on the debate or the Stephanopoulos interview have been using conclusory language or suggesting that they have a source who will provide that language.  Needless to say that is all highly prejudicial against Biden.